The term "Damascus Steel" comes from the name of Damascus, which, as they said, was the center of production of the best medieval steel, with which European knights collided during crusades. As it usually happens with common myths, there is little truth here.
Damascus was one of the centers of trade crucible steel, and over time it was from him a widely used name arose. In the 1820s, Karstin determined: any steel that shows a darker and brighter segregation after etching the pre-polished surface with diluted acids, or by the alum, is called Damask steel.
Crystal, Ceid Damascus Steel
Currently, Damascus is called two types of steel. The first - Damasky crystal, crucible steel. The method was contained in the room of small pieces of smoke iron into closed crucibles together with a material containing a carbon element, such as charcoal or leather.
As a result of its heating to a temperature of 1300-1400 Celsius, the iron absorbed carbon and its melting point decreased, which turned it into a partial or complete liquidity state. So steel cleaned steel with a very high carbon content in the form of small portions, so-called ingot.
A characteristic wave pattern appeared as a result of further treatment with forging and cooling. Such steel is called Bulat and was developed in India, although it is not known how long ago. Some believe that this method appeared in the 3rd century of our era, the other, that he was known at least from the 7th century to our era, the Romans imported these pieces from the east and squeezed out of them saw. Cegel steel was also paid in Iran and Central Asia, where many centers of the 9th-XIII centuries of our era were discovered, producing hundreds of thousands of ingots. In the early Middle Ages they were sent to the Middle East and to North Africa. This type of steel is considered actually Damascus and is called Yatagan (from Persian: Fullad). This name was recorded in the jury books in 1453.
The second type of steel is sometimes called Pseudodamasca. His own name is an Starolar word, which comes from Persian or Turkish languages, which means "something valuable". Even at the beginning of the 20th century, archaeologists could not read this technology on some blades with preserved patterns, believing that they were the result of becoming the eastern way, that is, Yatgan. And it is this steel in Europe that the period of Roman influence and the early Middle Ages, that is, during the first millennium of our era, massively used for the production of sword blades. prostitutkitumeni-sexgirls.com